Concrete definition, components, grades, manufacture. Plenty of strengtheningrelated research work on beams and columns has been conducted. Comprehensive, uptodate coverage of reinforced concrete slabsfrom leading authorities in the field. Manual for design and detailing of reinforced concrete to the september 20 code of practice for structural use of concrete 20 2. Rupture depth of an unreinforced concrete slab on grade. Structural concrete structures reinforced concrete construction. Founded in 1904 and headquartered in farmington hills, michigan, usa, the american concrete institute is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development, dissemination, and adoption of its consensusbased standards, technical resources, educational programs, and proven expertise for individuals and organizations involved in concrete design. Concrete technology concrete is a construction material composed of cement, fine aggregates sand and coarse aggregates mixed with water which hardens with time.
Measurement and payment for concrete topping slabs will be either by the lumpsum method or by the unitprice method as determined by the listing of. Pdf slabs are the flooring systems of most structures including office, commercial and residential buildings, bridges, sports stadiums and. Each project is carefully specified and calculated by our engineering. What is the importance of a reinforced concrete slab. Thin sections allowing for greater roof heights and lighter floors. Unreinforced concrete cracks at all thickenings, ends of embedded steel, bollards, pit corners and down the middle of aisles. Hence, an innovative rigid connection between precast concrete slab components in twoway half slab system is presented in this paper.
In order to simplify the analysis and to be able to use the superposition principle for evaluating the effect of load combinations, linear analysis is generally adopted even though concrete slabs normally have a pronounced nonlinear response. There are different types of concrete slabs, and different types of reinforcing used in slabs. This paper describes a test programme at the university of canterbury to evaluate the performance of elements of concrete slabs that are reinforced in different ways. Concrete products such as concrete slabs, concrete flags, concrete steps, concrete paving standard and block, concrete kerbs and concrete copings are all available from us in a large number of colours, textures and finishes. For additional education products, please visit aci university.
Mar 31, 2016 swirnow structures offers the best cost on hambro d500 structural floor systems, hambro joists, and structural floor joist systems. Strengthening of existing concrete structural elements is a viable means for improving the performance of such elements. The attached excerpted resource materials have been made available for use within aci university. The strips are run from edgetoedge of the bridge deck and are. Shear in reinforced concrete oneway slabs loaded with a concentrated load. Students build on their understanding of basic mechanics to learn new concepts such as compressive stress and strain in concrete while applying current aci code. Construction of slabs on ground design considerations aci. The latter consists primarily of reinforcing with deformed steel bars rebar, that can be from 14 in. With few exceptions, concrete slabs need to be reinforced with either rebar or remesh. Concrete elements can be produced up to m long assured quality by using specific equipment for the manufacture of the concrete elements combined with a high end quality control system 5 prestressed slabs half slabs. Pdf tests on reinforced concrete slabs with cut out.
Our consultancy team visits each client at enquiry stage and advises on options to fulfill their needs. Select rc since a reinforced concrete slab is rated. In the present paper, the ultimate load of the reinforced con crete slabs 16 is determined using the finite element method and mathematical programming. Reinforced concrete is a concrete in which steel is embedded in such a manner that the two materials act together in resisting forces. Extend existing slabs in accordance with item 430, extending concrete structures. The subgrade drag equation referenced in aci 360, design of slabs on grade, can be used to determine temperature and shrinkage control joint spacing in slabs based on the. The floor system of a structure can take many forms such as in situ solid slabs, ribbed slabs or precast units. Determination of the reinforced concrete slabs ultimate. Offering an essential background for a thorough understanding of building code requirements and design procedures for slabs, reinforced concrete slabs, second edition provides a full treatment of todays approaches to reinforced concrete slab analysis and design. Transverse load redistribution and effective shear width in reinforced. Given an uplifting force at the outboard perimeter edge of an unreinforced concrete slab on grade as shown in figure 1 we inquire at what distance from the uplifting force is the concrete slab likely to fail rupture. In a building construction, concrete is used for the. Steelreinforced slabs, typically between 100 and 500 mm thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner. To obtain a full version of this document, please visit the aci store.
Speak to an expert material content concrete strength. Our reinforced concrete floors are cast in a mould with core formers which create the hollowcore formation. A flat slab is a reinforced concrete slab supported directly on and built monolithically with the columns, the flat slab is divided into middle strips and column. Specification for unreinforced concrete parking lots. Thus the concrete and the material reinforced shall have the same strain. Concrete basicsaims to provide a clear, concise explanation of all aspects of making quality concrete. For that reason, slabs are considered unreinforced, even though most will have some temperature reinforcement.
Pdf performance of concrete slabs with different reinforcing. Reinforced concrete slab bridges design considerations haunched slabs straight haunches preferred in lieu of parabolic depth at pier should be 2 2. Pdf this work presents the flexural capacities and sustainable analysis of reinforced concrete rc two way hollow slabs with polymer sphere voids. Arching or compressive membrane action in reinforced. Steel in concrete slabs on ground is not intended to be structural, only to hold cracks closed tightly.
The 28day compressive strength of the concrete mix is 50 mpa the highstrength concrete facilitates rapid curing. They can be produced in all forms up to a thickness of 7 cm, and comprise both a constructive. Reinforced concrete slab design using the empirical method. A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings, consisting of a flat, horizontal surface made of cast concrete. A number of existing reinforced concrete slab bridges designed according to the. Finishing and curing of concrete slabs are specified in section 03 35 00 concrete finishing. Portland cement is the commonly used type of cement for production of concrete. Wide slabs of reinforced concrete a strong base for fast construction at low cost.
Introduction to flat slabs modelling of reinforced. The inclusion of additional jointing, at a shorter spacing, is a necessary component of a good unreinforced slab plan. Punching shear strength of reinforced concrete slabs. A computer program is written using matlab to formulate the problem and perform the structural analysis and design of those slabs by the direct design method. Reinforced concrete slabs on columns were initially developed in the u. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day.
Wall street business magnate stephen chu, winner of the strathmores whos who registry honoring the most successful business tycoons in the world, says the demolisher betting system lived up exactly to its billing. The floor system of a structure can take many forms such. Hence, there are academic and industrial needs to investigate such an issue experimentally and theoretically. To study the flexural behaviors of the concrete shear walls with precast hollow slab, one cast insitu reinforced concrete shear wall and. Optimum design of reinforced concrete waffle slabs alaa c. Manual for design and detailing of reinforced concrete to. Experimental study of two way half slab precast using. This guide identifies the various classes of floors based on use, construction design details, necessary site preparation, concrete type, and other related materials.
Youngs modulus modulus of elasticity, e yield strength, f y. Slabs are elements forming floor and roofs in building which normally carry uniformly distributed loads. Pdf behaviour of reinforced concrete cantilever slabs. However, research work related to twoway slab strengthening is very scarce.
Recommendations for finite element analysis for the design. The attached excerpted resource materials have been made. These include one control slab s1 without opening and the other four s2, s3, s4 and s5 with rectangular opening at. Find reinforced concrete stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. Prestige civil engineering has been constructing reinforced concrete slab for over 30 years. The problem arises however that more joints are generally not a good solution for a floor subject to.
For slabs spanning in both directions published tables and charts should be used to find bending moment and shear per unit width of slab. Tests on reinforced concrete slabs with cut out openings strengthened with fibrereinforced polymers article pdf available in composites part b engineering 66. In the 1950s, flat slabs without capitals started to become prevalent. Flexible column arrangements, this is more difficult to achieve for a beamcolumn design. Reinforced concrete slab design using the empirical method bridgesight solutions. Design of reinforced concrete 10th edition pdf free. The cost function represents the cost of concrete, steel reinforcement and formwork.
Concrete technology deals with study of properties of concrete and its practical applications. Reinforced concrete slab prestige civil engineering. Reinforced concrete flat slabs are commonly used in construction as they provide a number of benefits to the designer including. Pdf ductility of concrete slabs reinforced with low. Cracking of the concrete causes a migration of the neutral axis which is accompanied by in. Reinforced concrete ptd process tasks perform a hazard analysis incorporate safety into the design documents make a cad model for member labeling and erection sequencing photo courtesy of thinkstock adapted from toole 2005. Reinforced concrete slabs are used in floors, roofs and walls of buildings and as the decks of bridges. The paper assesses the use of rice husk ash rha as an admixture in concrete in normal environment by determining the effect of addition of rha of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% respectively to concrete. Certification the american concrete institute aci certifies individuals as flatwork finishers. Pdf often, there are a great need to introduce sectional openings in slabs as well as in wall structures for facility requirements. The reinforcing steelrods, bars, or meshabsorbs the tensile, shear, and sometimes the compressive stresses in. The finite element method is commonly used to design the reinforcement in concrete slabs. Pdf design of reinforced concrete slabs ninos dinkha. However, in relation to its compressive strength, concrete has weak tensile strength.
Slabs may span in one direction or in two directions and they may be supported on monolithic concrete beams, steel beams, walls or directly by the structures columns. Pdf reinforced concrete slab under static and dynamic. Concrete basicsaddresses the needs of unskilled and semiskilled persons undertaking general concreting projects including home and handyman projects. Continuous span reinforced concrete slab bridge vdot. Foreword this report is intended to serve as a manual of good practice for the design of prestressed concrete flat slabs in addition to the recommended procedures, other methods are described for the sake of completeness and to compare.
Kerkstoel wide slabs wide slabs are ideal for the building of concrete loadbearing floors. Photo courtesy of thinkstock centers for disease control. Design of reinforced concrete 10th edition by jack mccormac and russell brown introduces the fundamentals of reinforced concrete design in a clear and comprehensive manner and grounded in the basic principles of mechanics of solids. The shear area of concrete is entered as input to some computer programs when the analysis is required to take into account the deformations due to shear. Reinforced concrete slab placed under this item will be measured by the square. Profile each beam to determine the actual camber or sag of the beams. Reported by committee 302 american concrete institute. Arching or compressive membrane action cma in reinforced concrete slabs occurs as a result of the great difference between the tensile and compressive strength of concrete.